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Home  Laws of Rugby 2a
Forward to:
Laws of Rugby - Part 1 - Definitions and Law 1 (The Ground): 1.1 - 1.5
Laws of Rugby - Part 1a - Law 1.6, Laws 2 - 4
Laws of Rugby - Part 1b - Laws 5 & 6
Laws of Rugby - Part 2 - Laws 7 - 10
Laws of Rugby - Part 2b - Laws 15.7 - 19.6
Laws of Rugby - Part 2c - Laws 19.7 - 20
Laws of Rugby - Part 2d - Laws 21 & 22
Laws of Rugby - Part 3 - Variations
LAW 11 OFFSIDE AND ONSIDE IN GENERAL PLAY
DEFINITIONS
At the start of a game all players are onside. As the match progresses
players may find themselves in an offside position. Such players are
then liable to be penalized until they become onside again.
In general play a player is offside if the player is in front of a team mate
who is carrying the ball, or in front of a team mate who last played the
ball.
Offside means that a player is temporarily out of the game. Such
players are liable to be penalized if they take part in the game.
In general play, a player can be put onside either by an action of a team
mate or by an action of an opponent. However, the offside player
cannot be put onside if the offside player interferes with play; or moves
forward, towards the ball, or fails to move 10 metres away from the
place where the ball lands.
11.1 OFFSIDE IN GENERAL PLAY
(a) A player who is in an offside position is liable to penalty only if the
player does one of three things:
Interferes with play or,
Moves forward, towards the ball or
Fails to comply with the 10-Metre law (law 11.4).
A player who is in an offside position is not automatically penalised.
A player who receives an unintentional throw forward is not offside.
A player can be offside in the in-goal.
(b) Offside and interfering with play. A player who is offside
must not take part in the game. This means the player must not
play the ball or obstruct an opponent.
(c) Offside and moving forward. When a team mate of an offside
player has kicked ahead, the offside player must not move towards
opponents who are waiting to play the ball, or move towards the
place where the ball lands, until the player has been put onside.
11.2 BEING PUT ONSIDE BY THE ACTION OF A TEAM MATE
In general play, there are four ways by which an offside player can
be put onside by actions of that player or of team mates;
(a) Action by the player. When the offside player runs behind the
team mate who last kicked, touched or carried the ball, the player
is put onside.
(b) Action by the ball carrier. When a team mate carrying the ball
runs in front of the offside player, that player is put onside.
(c) Action by the kicker or other onside player. When the
kicker, or team mate who was level with or behind the kicker when
(or after) the ball was kicked, runs in front of the offside player, the
player is put onside.
(d) When running forward, the team mate may be in touch or in
touch-in-goal, but that team mate must return to the playing area
to put the other player onside.
11.3 BEING PUT ONSIDE BY OPPONENTS
In general play, there are three ways by which an offside player can
be put onside by an action of the opposing team. These three ways
do not apply to a player who is offside under the 10-Metre law.
(a) Runs 5 metres with ball. When an opponent carrying the ball
runs 5 metres, the offside player is put onside.
(b) Kicks or passes. When an opponent kicks or passes the ball, the
offside player is put onside.
(c) Intentionally touches ball. When an opponent intentionally
touches the ball but does not catch it, the offside player is put
onside.
11.4 OFFSIDE UNDER THE 10-METRE LAW
(a) When a team mate of an offside player has kicked ahead, the
offside player is considered to be taking part in the game if the
player is in front of an imaginary line across the field which is 10
metres from the opponent waiting to play the ball, or from where
the ball lands or may land. The offside player must immediately
move behind the imaginary 10-metre line. While moving away,
the player must not obstruct an opponent.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(b) While moving away, the offside player cannot be put onside by
any action of the opposing team. However, before the player has
moved the full 10 metres, the player can be put onside by any
onside team mate who runs in front of the player.
(c) When a player who is offside under the 10-Metre law charges an
opponent waiting to catch the ball, the referee blows the whistle
at once and the offside player is penalised. Delay may prove
dangerous to the opponent.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(d) When a player who is offside under the 10-Metre law plays the ball
which has been misfielded by an opponent, the offside player is
penalised.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(e) The 10-Metre law is not altered by the fact that the ball has hit a
goal post or a crossbar. What matters is where the ball lands. An
offside player must not be in front of the imaginary 10-metre line
across the field.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(f)The 10-Metre law does not apply when a player kicks the ball, and
an opponent charges down the kick, and a team mate of the kicker
who was in front of the imaginary 10-metre line across the field
then plays the ball. The opponent was not 'waiting to play the ball'
and the team mate is onside.
Penalty: When a player is penalised for being offside in general
play, the opposing team chooses either a penalty kick at the place
of infringement or a scrum at the place where the offending team
last played the ball. If it was last played in that team's in-goal, the
scrum is formed 5 metres from the goal line in line with where it
was played.
(g) If more than one player is offside and moving forward after a team
mate has kicked ahead, the place of infringement is the position of
the offside player closest to an opponent waiting for the ball, or
closest to where the ball lands.
11.5 BEING PUT ONSIDE UNDER THE 10-METRE LAW
(a) The offside player must retire behind the imaginary 10-metre line
across the field, otherwise the player is liable to be penalised.
(b) While retiring, the player can be put onside before moving behind
the imaginary 10-metre line by any of the three actions of the
player's team listed above in 11.2. However, the player cannot be
put onside by any action of the opposing team.
11.6 ACCIDENTAL OFFSIDE
(a) When an offside player cannot avoid being touched by the ball or
by a team mate carrying it, the player is accidentally offside. If the
player's team gains no advantage from this, play continues. If the
player's team gains an advantage, a scrum is formed with the
opposing team throwing in the ball.
(b) When a player hands the ball to a team mate in front of the first
player, the receiver is offside. Unless the receiver is considered to
be intentionally offside (in which case a penalty kick is awarded),
the receiver is accidentally offside and a scrum is formed with the
opposing team throwing in the ball.
11.7 OFFSIDE AFTER A KNOCK ON
When a player knocks-on and an offside team mate next plays the
ball, the offside player is liable to penalty if playing the ball
prevented an opponent from gaining an advantage.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
11.8 PUTTING ONSIDE A PLAYER RETIRING DURING A
RUCK, MAUL, SCRUM OR LINEOUT
When a ruck, maul, scrum or lineout forms, a player who is offside
and is retiring as required by law remains offside even when the
opposing team wins possession and the ruck, maul, scrum or
lineout has ended. The player is put onside by retiring behind the
applicable offside line. No other action of the offside player and no
action of that player's team mates can put the offside player
onside.
If the player remains offside the player can be put onside only by
the action of the opposing team. There are two such actions:
Opponent runs 5 meters with ball. When an opponent
carrying the ball has run 5 meters, the offside player is put onside.
An offside player is not put onside when an opponent passes the
ball. Even if the opponents pass the ball several times, their action
does not put the offside player onside.
Opponent kicks. When an opponent kicks the ball, the offside
player is put onside.
11.9 LOITERING
A player who remains in an offside position is loitering. A loiterer
who prevents the opposing team from playing the ball as they
wish is taking part in the game, and is penalised. The referee makes
sure that the loiterer does not benefit from being put onside by the
opposing team?s action.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
LAW 12 KNOCK ON OR THROW FORWARD
DEFINITION KNOCK ON
A knock on occurs when a player loses possession of the ball and it goes
forward, or when a player hits the ball forward with the hand or arm,
or when the ball hits the hand or arm and goes forward, and the ball
touches the ground or another player before the original player can
catch it.
'Forward' means towards the opposing team's dead ball line.
EXCEPTION
Charge down. If a player charges down the ball as an opponent kicks
it, or immediately after the kick, it is not a knock on even though the
ball may travel forward.
DEFINITION THROW FORWARD
A throw forward occurs when a player throws or passes the ball
forward. 'Forward' means towards the opposing team?s dead ball line.
EXCEPTION
Bounce forward. If the ball is not thrown forward but it hits a
player or the ground and bounces forward, this is not a throw forward.
12.1 THE OUTCOME OF A KNOCK ON OR THROW
FORWARD
(a) Unintentional knock on or throw forward. A scrum is
awarded at the place of infringement.
(b) Unintentional knock on or throw forward at a lineout. A
scrum is awarded 15 metres from the touchline.
(c) Knock on or throw forward into the in-goal. If an attacking
player knocks-on or throws-forward in the field of play and the
ball goes into the opponents? in-goal and it is made dead there, a
scrum is awarded where the knock on or throw forward happened.
(d) Knock on or throw forward inside the in-goal. If a player
of either team knocks-on or throws-forward inside the in-goal, a 5-
metre scrum is awarded in line with the place of infringement not
closer than 5 metres from the touchline.
(e) Intentional knock or throw forward. A player must not
intentionally knock the ball forward with hand or arm, nor throw
forward.
Penalty: Penalty Kick. A penalty try must be awarded if the
offence prevents a try that would probably otherwise have been
scored.
During the Match
In the Field of Play
Law 13 Kick off and Restart Kicks
Law 14 Ball on the Ground:No Tackle
Law 15 Tackle:Ball carrier Brought to Ground
Law 16 Ruck
Law 17 Maul
Law 18 Mark
LAW 13 KICK OFF AND RESTART KICKS
DEFINITION
The kickoff occurs at the start of the match and the restart of the match
after half time. Restart kicks occur after a score or a touch down.
13.1 WHERE AND HOW THE KICKOFF IS TAKEN
(a) A team kicks off with a drop kick which must be taken at or behind
the centre of the half-way line.
(b) If the ball is kicked off by the wrong type of kick, or from the
incorrect place, the opposing team has two choices:
To have the ball kicked off again, or
To have a scrum at the centre of the half-way line and they throw
in the ball.
13.2 WHO TAKES THE KICKOFF AND RESTART KICK
(a) At the start of the game, the team whose captain elected to take the
kick after winning the toss will kickoff, or the opposing team if the
winning captain elected to choose an end.
(b) After the half time interval, the opponents of the team who kicked
off at the start of the game kick off.
(c) After a score the opponents of the team who scored restart play.
13.3 POSITION OF THE KICKER?S TEAM AT A KICK OFF
All the kicker's team must be behind the ball when it is kicked. If
they are not, a scrum is formed at the centre. Their opponents
throw in the ball.
13.4 POSITION OF THE OPPOSING TEAM AT A KICK OFF
All the opposing team must stand on or behind the 10-metre line.
If they are in front of that line or if they charge before the ball is
kicked, it is kicked off again.
13.5 KICK OFF OF 10 METRES
If the ball reaches the opponents' 10-metre line or reaches the 10-
metre line and is blown back, play continues.
13.6 KICK OFF OF UNDER 10 METRES BUT PLAYED BY
AN OPPONENT
If the ball does not reach the opponent's 10-metre line but is first
played by an opponent, play continues.
13.7 KICK OFF OF UNDER 10 METRES AND NOT PLAYED
BY AN OPPONENT
If the ball does not reach the opponent's 10-metre line the
opposing team has two choices:
To have the ball kicked off again, or
To have a scrum at the centre. They throw in the ball.
13.8 BALL GOES DIRECTLY INTO TOUCH
The ball must land in the field of play. If it is kicked directly into
touch the opposing team has three choices:
To have the ball kicked off again, or
To have a scrum at the centre and they have the throw in, or
To accept the kick.
If they accept the kick, the lineout is on the half-way line. If the
ball is blown behind the half-way line and goes directly into
touch, the lineout is at the place where it went into touch.
13.9 BALL GOES INTO THE IN-GOAL
(a) If the ball is kicked into the in-goal without having touched or
been touched by a player, the opposing team has three choices:
To ground the ball, or
To make it dead, or
To play on.
(b) If the opposing team grounds the ball, or if they make it dead, or
if the ball becomes dead by going into touch-in-goal or on or over
the dead ball line, they have two choices:
To have a scrum formed at the centre, and they throw in the ball,
or
To have the other team kick off again.
(c) If they opt to ground the ball or make it dead, they must do so
without delay. Any other action with the ball by a defending
player means the player has elected to play on.
13.10 DROP OUT
DEFINITION
A drop out is used to restart play after an attacking player has put or
taken the ball into the in-goal, without infringement, and a defending
player has made the ball dead there or it has gone into touch-in-goal
or on or over the dead ball line.
A drop out is a drop kick taken by the defending team. The drop out
may be taken anywhere on or behind the 22-metre line.
13.11 DELAY IN DROP OUT
The drop out must be taken without delay.
Penalty: Free Kick on the 22-metre line.
13.12 DROP OUT INCORRECTLY TAKEN
If the ball is kicked with the wrong type of kick, or from the wrong
place, the opposing team has two choices:
To have another drop out, or
To have a scrum at the centre of the 22-metre line and they throw
in the ball.
13.13 DROP OUT MUST CROSS THE LINE
(a) If the ball does not cross the 22-metre line, the opposing team has
two choices:
To have another drop out, or
To have a scrum at the centre of the 22-metre line.
They throw in the ball.
(b) If the ball crosses the 22-metre line but is blown back, play
continues.
(c) If the ball does not cross the 22-metre line, advantage may apply.
An opponent who plays the ball can score a try.
13.14 DROP OUT GOES DIRECTLY INTO TOUCH
The ball must land in the field of play. If it is kicked directly into
touch, the opposing team has three choices:
To have another drop out, or
To have a scrum at the centre of the 22-metre line, and they throw in the ball, or
To accept the kick. If they accept the kick, the throw in is on the 22-metre line.
13.15 DROP OUT GOES INTO THE OPPONENTS IN-GOAL
(a) If the ball is kicked into the opponent?s in-goal without having
touched or been touched by a player, the opposing team has three choices:
To ground the ball, or
To make it dead, or
To play on.
(b) If the opposing team grounds the ball, or makes it dead, or if the
ball becomes dead by going into touch-in-goal or on or over the
dead ball line, they have two choices:
To have a scrum formed at the centre of the 22-metre line from
where the kick was taken and they throw in the ball, or
To have the other team drop out again.
(c) If they opt to ground the ball or make it dead, they must do so
without delay. Any other action with the ball by a defending
player means the player has elected to play on.
13.16 THE KICKER?S TEAM
(a) All the kicker?s team must be behind the ball when it is kicked. If
not, a scrum is formed at the centre of the 22-metre line. The
opposing team throws in the ball.
(b) However, if the kick is taken so quickly that players of the kicker?s
team who are retiring are still in front of the ball, they will not be
penalised. They must not stop retiring until they have been made
onside by an action of a team mate. They must not take part in
the game until they have been made onside in this way.
Penalty: Scrum at the centre of the 22-metre line. The opposing team throws in the ball.
13.17 THE OPPOSING TEAM
(a) The opposing team must not charge over the 22-metre line before the ball is kicked.
Penalty: Free Kick at the place of infringement.
(b) If an opponent is on the wrong side of the 22-metre line and delays
or obstructs the drop out, the player is guilty of misconduct.
Penalty: Penalty Kick on the 22-metre line
LAW 14 BALL ON THE GROUND - NO TACKLE
DEFINITION
This situation occurs when the ball is available on the ground and a
player goes to ground to gather the ball, except immediately after a scrum or a ruck.
It also occurs when a player is on the ground in possession of the ball
and has not been tackled.
The game is to be played by players who are on their feet. A player
must not make the ball unplayable by falling down. Unplayable
means that the ball is not immediately available to either team so that
play may continue.
A player who makes the ball unplayable, or who obstructs the
opposing team by falling down, is negating the purpose and spirit of
the game and must be penalised.
A player who is not tackled, but who goes to ground while holding the
ball, or a player who goes to ground and gathers the ball, must act
immediately.
14.1 PLAYER ON THE GROUND
The player must immediately do one of three things:
Get up with the ball, or
Pass the ball, or
Release the ball.
A player who passes or releases the ball must also get up or move
away from it at once. Advantage is played only if it happens immediately.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
14.2 WHAT THE PLAYER MUST NOT DO
(a) Lying on or around the ball. A player must not lie on, over,
or near the ball to prevent opponents getting possession of it.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(b) Falling over the player on the ground with the ball. A
player must not intentionally fall on or over a player with the ball
who is lying on the ground.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(c) Falling over players lying on the ground near the ball. A
player must not intentionally fall on or over players lying on the
ground with the ball between them or near them.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
LAW 15 TACKLE: BALL CARRIER BROUGHT TO THE GROUND
DEFINITION
A tackle occurs when the ball carrier is held by one or more opponents
and is brought to ground.
A ball carrier who is not held is not a tackled player and a tackle has
not taken place.
Opposition players who hold the ball carrier and bring that player to
ground, and who also go to ground, are known as tacklers.
Opposition players who hold the ball carrier and do not go to ground
are not tacklers.
15.1 WHERE CAN A TACKLE TAKE PLACE
A tackle can only take place in the field of play.
15.2 WHEN A TACKLE CANNOT TAKE PLACE
When the ball carrier is held by one opponent and a team mate
binds on to that ball carrier, a maul has been formed and a tackle
cannot take place.
15.3 BROUGHT TO THE GROUND DEFINED
(a) If the ball carrier has one knee or both knees on the ground, that
player has been ?brought to ground?.
(b) If the ball carrier is sitting on the ground, or on top of another
player on the ground the ball carrier has been ?brought to ground?.
15.4 THE TACKLER
(a) When a player tackles an opponent and they both go to ground,
the tackler must immediately release the tackled player.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(b) The tackler must immediately get up or move away from the
tackled player and from the ball at once.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(c) The tackler must get up before playing the ball.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
15.5 THE TACKLED PLAYER
(a) A tackled player must not lie on, over, or near the ball to prevent
opponents from gaining possession of it, and must try to make the
ball available immediately so that play can continue.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(b) A tackled player must immediately pass the ball or release it. That
player must also get up or move away from it at once.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(c) A tackled player may release the ball by putting it on the ground
in any direction, provided this is done immediately.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(d) A tackled player may release the ball by pushing it along the
ground in any direction except forward, provided this is done immediately.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(e) If opposition players who are on their feet attempt to play the ball,
the tackled player must release the ball.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(f) If a tackled player?s momentum carries the player into the in-goal,
the player can score a try or make a touch down.
(g) If players are tackled near the goal line, these players may
immediately reach out and ground the ball on or over the goal line
to score a try or make a touch down.
15.6 OTHER PLAYERS
(a) After a tackle, all other players must be on their feet when they
play the ball. Players are on their feet if no other part of their body
is supported by the ground or players on the ground.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(b) After a tackle any players on their feet may attempt to gain
possession by taking the ball from the ball carriers possession.
(c) At a tackle or near to a tackle, other players who play the ball must
do so from behind the ball and from directly behind the tackled
player or the tackler closest to those players? goal line.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(d) Any player who gains possession of the ball at the tackle must play
the ball immediately by moving away or passing or kicking the ball.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(e) Any player who first gains possession of the ball must not go to the
ground at the tackle or near to it unless tackled by an opposition player.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(f) Any player who first gains possession of the ball at the tackle or
near to it may be tackled by an opposition player providing that
player does so from behind the ball and from directly behind the
tackled player or the tackler closest to that player?s goal line.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(g) After a tackle, any player lying on the ground must not prevent an
opponent from getting possession of the ball.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(h) After a tackle, any player on the ground must not tackle an
opponent or try to tackle an opponent
Penalty: Penalty Kick
(i) When a tackled player reaches out to ground the ball on or over
the goal line to score a try, an opponent may pull the ball from the
players possession, but must not kick the ball.
Penalty: Penalty Kick
Exception: Ball goes into the in-goal. After a tackle near the goal
line, if the ball has been released and has gone into the in-goal any
player, including a player on the ground, may ground the ball.
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